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ObjectiveTo explore the macroscopic medication pattern of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in treating esophageal cancer （EC） and provide medication references for the clinical application of TCM in EC treatment. MethodRelevant literature on TCM treatment of EC was retrieved from three major Chinese databases： China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data， and VIP. Information about Chinese herbal medicines was entered into Excel to establish a prescription database for EC. The data were standardized， summarized， and subjected to frequency analysis， association rules， and cluster analysis of medication in the prescriptions. Based on the TCM classification of EC syndromes， clinical indications corresponding to each syndrome were identified， and high-frequency drugs and drug pairs were analyzed correspondingly with syndromes. ResultA total of 136 prescriptions containing 240 Chinese herbal medicines were screened， with a cumulative frequency of 1 853 times. The top 5 frequently used Chinese herbal medicines were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Poria， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， Astragali Radix， and Pinelliae Rhizoma. In terms of functions， the Chinese herbal medicines were mainly deficiency-tonifying， urination-promoting and dampness-draining， deficiency-tonifying， deficiency-tonifying， and phlegm-resolving and cough and dyspnea-relieving ones. The statistical analysis of flavor， property， and meridian tropism showed that Chinese herbal medicines were mainly bitter and sweet， warm， cold， and neutral， and acted on the spleen， lung， and stomach meridians. Association rule analysis yielded nine potential drug combinations， and cluster analysis of high-frequency drugs resulted in four combination categories. The four TCM syndromes for EC corresponded to respective clinical indications， treatment drugs， and drug pairs. ConclusionTonifying deficiency， reinforcing healthy Qi， descending adverse Qi， resolving phlegm， activating blood， and resolving stasis are the basic principles of TCM treatment for EC， which are supplemented by clearing heat and dissipating mass while focusing on regulating and smoothing the qi movement. The drug combinations obtained from high-frequency drug and association rule analysis provide references for different TCM syndrome treatments of EC， offering valuable insights for clinical medication.
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In recent years， as people's diets have changed and diversified， the incidence of dental arthritis has increased year by year， seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. Therefore， the prevention and treatment of dental arthritis should be emphasized. To further study the pathogenesis of dental arthritis and the development and screening of therapeutic drugs， this paper summarized and analyzed the modeling methods， mechanisms， as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the existing animal models of dental arthritis. The clinical diagnostic criteria of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and western medicine was established， and the compatibility of TCM and western medicine anastomosis in animal models was evaluated. The results showed that the gel perfusion model had a good match between TCM and western medicine， with simple operation and short cycle. By combining the pathogenic factors of TCM and western medicine， the models of kidney deficiency and stomach heat with kidney deficiency in TCM were obtained， which fully reflected the clinical syndrome characteristics of TCM and western medicine， thus simulating the pathogenesis of human natural dental arthritis. Besides， ligation line model， as the most commonly-used animal model of dental arthritis with a good match to western medicine， was mature and highly repeatable， and had a high success rate. Ligation line model was widely used in various periodontal disease studies， but it did not involve the pathogenic factors of TCM. The current animal model of dental arthritis is given priority to western medicine disease model， and the combination of disease and model is rare， which cannot meet the requirements of the syndrome characteristics of TCM. Only an animal model of dental arthritis with TCM syndrome that conforms to the clinical syndrome characteristics effectively assists to study the nature of TCM syndrome and develop innovative Chinese medicine. Therefore， the establishment of an accurate and standardized animal model of dental arthritis combined with TCM and western medicine is still the focus of future study on the pathogenesis of dental arthritis. This study is intended to provide a certain basis for the discovery， screening， and evaluation of medicines for the treatment of dental arthritis.
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Based on the clinical characteristics of multiple sclerosis （MS） in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and western medicine and literature analysis， this paper aims to formulate the diagnostic criteria of TCM and western medicine for MS. Moreover， the modeling methods of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis （EAE）， animals for the modeling， and characteristics of the models were analyzed and summarized， and the consistency between the EAE models and the diagnostic criteria of TCM and western medicine was evaluated. The results showed that animal models had low consistency with the clinical characteristics in TCM （highest consistency 68%） and western medicine （highest consistency 60%）. Pathological models account for the majority of animal models for MS research， but there is a lack of intuitive performance indicators. Thus， it is difficult to comprehensively evaluate the models. The mental state， limb numbness， lack of strength， loss of muscle tone， tremor， and balance disorders of the mice are among the diagnostic criteria in western medicine. In TCM diagnostic criteria， the major symptoms which are reflected in animal behavior， such as physical fatigue， lack of strength， mental fatigue， distinclination to talk， and weak heavy numb limbs， are consistent with the western diagnostic criteria. The minor symptoms， including mental decline， bitter taste in mouth， frequent and urgent urination， fecal incontinence， and aggravated fever， are not well reflected in the models. According to TCM， MS is caused by deficiency of kidney essence and external contraction of pathogen， but no index is available for evaluating the external contraction of pathogen in existing animal models. The key to experimental research on MS is to establish an appropriate animal model based on the clinical pathogenesis and characteristics. However， there is a lack of MS animal model with TCM characteristics for syndrome classification. Therefore， renewed efforts should be made to prepare animal models with both TCM and western medicine characteristics that can be used in both basic experiments and clinical research.
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This study summarized and analyzed the modeling methods， modeling mechanisms， and advantages and disadvantages of existing animal models of acute pancreatitis （AP） with the purposes of replicating animal models more in line with the clinical syndrome characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and Western medicine， improving the basic research of AP， and promoting its in-depth research. Further， the clinical diagnostic criteria of TCM and Western medicine were drawn up， and the agreement was evaluated between animal models of AP and clinical syndrome characteristics of TCM and Western medicine. The results demonstrated that the AP model induced by choline-deficient ethionine-supplemented diet （CDE）-supplemented diet was highly consistent with the clinical syndromes of TCM and Western medicine， which was simple in operation and small in mortality. However， the modeling did not involve the pathogenic factors of TCM. Although many approaches have been proposed to establish animal models of AP so far， most of the models meet the diagnostic criteria of Western medicine but， lacking the manifestation of TCM symptoms， less agree with the clinical syndromes of TCM. At present， animal models of AP alone are mostly used to study the pharmacodynamics and mechanisms of Chinese and Western medicines， which fail to meet the requirements of syndrome differentiation and treatment in TCM theories. Only the animal models of AP which conform to the TCM syndrome characteristics and are basically consistent with clinical syndromes greatly contribute to the essence study of TCM syndromes and the development of innovative Chinese medicines. Therefore， establishing animal models that can simultaneously reflect the clinical syndrome characteristics of AP in both TCM and Western medicine and replicating more realistic， accurate and comprehensive animal models of AP are worthy of further research.
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Based on the clinical characteristics of functional dyspepsia (FD), this paper analyzes and evaluates the consistency between the existing FD animal models and the clinical standards, so as to provide ideas and references for improving the FD animal model. By listing the clinical manifestations and diagnostic criteria of dyspepsia in traditional Chinese and western medicine, this paper assessed the existing animal models of functional dyspepsia, which conformed to 11.7% of the main symptoms and 5% of the secondary symptoms in clinical diagnosis criteria in western medicine, and 15% of the main symptoms and 5% of the secondary symptoms in traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）. The results showed that the high degree of anastomose was affected by "high fat feed + senna leaf decoction gavage + restraint + swimming". This method basically conformed with the clinical characteristics of FD in Chinese and western medicine. The deficiency lay in the large number of modeling factors and the lack of control, which might lead to FD model deviation. The average degree of conformity involved "gavage iodoacetamide combined with small platform station", "binding" and "tail clamping stimulation", and the low degree of conformity involved "gavage iodoacetamide" and "stomach implanted electrode". The above methods simulated the characteristics of FD, but the single factor lacked the manifestation of TCM symptoms, which needed further improvement. Therefore, multiple single factor modeling methods were combined, with focus on the development and use of TCM purgative as modeling drug, so as to control the modeling process. An attempt shall be made to develop a set of time schedule of various interference factors during the modeling period of animals, in order to constantly optimize the evaluation criteria of animal models, which is the future study direction of improving FD models.
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Based on the characteristics of clinical symptoms of psoriasis in traditional Chinese and Western medicine, and according to the coincidence between existing animal models and the characteristics of clinical symptoms of psoriasis in traditional Chinese and Western medicine, the evaluation criteria of psoriasis animal models are put forward, which can provide corresponding improvement ideas for psoriasis animal models. By listing the clinical manifestations and diagnostic criteria of psoriasis in traditional Chinese and Western medicine, this paper assesses the existing animal models of psoriasis, which accords with 8.3% of the clinical diagnostic criteria of Western medicine, 15% of the main symptoms and 8% of the secondary symptoms in traditional Chinese medicine. The results showed that imiquimod-induced model was found to be the best animal model with high coincidence. The rate of modeling was faster and the cost was lower, but it was reversible with the prolongation of withdrawal time. Allogeneic transplantation model and genotype model have high coincidence with Western medicine, but low coincidence with traditional Chinese medicine symptoms. Because psoriasis is a chronic, non-infectious skin disease that is prone to recurrence, there are many factors leading to psoriasis.The existing models can not simulate the clinical symptoms well. We should use multi-factor modeling method to establish a pathological model reflecting the characteristics of clinical symptoms of psoriasis in traditional Chinese and Western medicine combined with the main external pathogenic factors of psoriasis. Therefore, it is the main task for the future research of psoriasis traditional Chinese medicine to establish animal models that reflect the clinical characteristics of psoriasis and Western medicine and improve the evaluation criteria of psoriasis combined with syndrome animal models.
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Objective To detect the mRNA expression levels of PI3KCB and AKT1 genes in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of acute and chronic schizophrenia patients in different stages,and to explore the relationship between them and the clinic symptoms.Methods Twenty-four cases of schizophrenia patients without medication for at least 1 month,19 chronic schizophrenia patients with long-term clozapine medication,and 20 normal controls were involved in the study.The mRNA expression of PI3KCB and AKT1 genes of all the subjects were measured by real-time qRT-PCR,and the positive and negative symptom scales (PANSS) of schizophrenia patients were also evaluated.Spearman's correlation was used to analyze the relationship between PI3KCB,AKT1 and PANSS score.Results The gene expression of PI3KCB in acute schizophrenia patients,chronic schizophrenia patients with clozapine medication and normal control were (0.79±0.04),(0.83±0.08) and (0.87±0.09) respectively,and the difference was significant among the three groups (F=8.77,P=0.001).The AKT1 gene expression levels were (0.80±0.03),(0.27±0.13)and (0.29±0.12) respectively,and the difference was also significant among the three groups (F=302.31,P＜0.01).The PI3KCB mRNA levels of acute schizophrenia patients were significantly lower than the levels in healthy controls (MD =0.09,P=0.002),and the AKT1 mRNA levels of acute schizophrenia patients were significantly higher than the levels in chronic schizophrenia patients (MD=0.53,P＜0.01) and healthy controls (MD =0.51,P＜ 0.01).In schizophrenia patients,no significant relationship was found between PI3KCB,AKT1 expression levels and PANSS scores.Conclusion The gene expression status of PI3K-AKT pathway is significantly different in different stages of acute and chronic schizophrenia and that is no significant relationship with clinic symptoms,and clozapine treatment may affect its gene expression levels.
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Objective To explore the correlations between different traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes and the heart rate variability (HRV) accompanying patients with chest pain,and to provide a referen()for clinical syndrome differentiation in such patients.Methods A prospective study was conducted.()hundred and seventeen patients with chest pain admitted into Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai U()of TCM from January 2015 to October 2016 were assigned in a study object,and according to the diffe()TCM syndromes,they were divided into syndrome of qi deficiency with blood stasis,the blood sta()the deficiency of qi and yin,suppression of the chest yang,phlegm and blood stasis,qi-stagnan ()syndromes.In the same period,123 healthy people having undergone physical examination wer()control group.The time domain indexes of HRV were recorded by dynamic electrocardiogr()normal control group were compared to those of patients with different TCM syndrom()distribution in different TCM syndromes and various HRV time domain indexes we()cycle time domain indexes were as follows:the average standard deviation o()standard deviation of R-R interval (SDNN),24 hours standard deviation of()5 minutes (SDANN),24 hours the mean square root of difference values,()were observed in both groups.Results The chest pain patients a()accounting for the largest proportion (35 cases,29.9％),and ac()smallest proportion (5 cases,4.3％) in the study group;the nu()syndrome (17 cases vs.14 cases),blood stagnation of hea()(6 cases vs.2 cases) and qi-stagnation and blood stasis s()in men;the numbers of patients with deficiency of qi()(4 cases vs.2 cases) in men were more than thos()female patients were lower than those in maj()66.8 (33.4,33.4) vs.103.4 (39.7,135.4),124.7 (88.0,143.4) vs.167.0 (90.5,230.1),84.0 (22.5,132.6) vs.152.4 (31.4,240.0),all P ＜ 0.05].The SDANN in patients with chest discomfort accompanied by any one of the above mentioned types of TCM syndrome was significantly lower than that in the control group,and its degree of descent was more remarkable in the patients with qi deficiency with blood stasis,the blood stagnation of heart and suppression of the chest yang syndromes (ms:74.86± 25.69,80.39± 20.53,70.97± 23.53 vs.131.30± 34.70,all P ＜ 0.05);the SDNN of patients with deficiency of qi and yin syndrome was higher than that in the blood stagnation of heart syndrome,phlegm and blood stasis,and qi-stagnation and blood stasis syndrome significantly (ms:181.25 ± 65.20 vs.97.88± 23.61,84.28 ± 22.34,89.93 ± 8.43,all P ＜ 0.05);the RMSSD of patients with deficiency of qi and yin syndrome was increased significantly compared with that in the healthy controls and in patients with the blood stagnation of heart syndrome (ms:91.94 ± 44.02 vs.28.00± 10.50,32.21 ± 18.25,both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Patients with chest pain accompanied by different TCM syndrome types may develop obvious heart rate variability,and the descent of SDANN level was the most significant.The analysis of HRV changes in such patients has positive significance for their diagnosis and treatment.
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Chromosome abnormality has recently been recognized as an important cause of congenital heart diseases(CHD).The tiny fragment deformity of the chromosome may lead to many abnormal genes expression.Recent studies have disclosed that CHD is a part of syndrome attributed to chromosome abnormality.This article reviews chromosome abnormality caused by trisomy chromosome,chromosome deletions,Tuner syndrome and Kleinfelte's syndrome as well as incidence,type,mechanism and prognosis of its complicated CHD.
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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the biological correlates of schizophrenia by measuring the change of serum immuneglobulin and complement levels and investigating a relationship of clinical symptoms to serum immunoglobulin and complement levels in schizophrenics. METHODS: The subjects were 27 inpatients, 13 men and 14 women, who met the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV(DSM-IV) and 24 normal controls, 8 men and 16 women. The serum immunoglobulin and complement levels of patients were measured at admission day and artier 2 weeks of treatment. Immunoglubulins and complement levels were obtained in serum using nephelometry. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) were used to determine the clinical symptoms . RESULTS: 1) The serum IgG(p<.01) and IgM(p<.05) levels of schizophrenics measured at admission day were significantly lower than those of normal controls. 2) The serum C3 level significantly(p<.01) correlated with positive syndrome score. 3) The serum IgG levels of schizophrenics were significantly(p<.05) increased artier 2 weeks of treatment, especially in female schizophrenics. 4) The correlations of serum IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 and C4 to positive and negative syndrome scores of PANSS after treatment failed to get significant result. CONCLUSION: It Is suggested that the Immune function of schizophrenics appears to be decreased when compared with normal controls and is slightly increased with clinical improvement. Significant correlation between C3 and positive syndrome score at admission suggests possibility of immunologic marker of acute schizophrenia.
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Female , Humans , Male , Biomarkers , Complement System Proteins , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Immunoglobulin A , Immunoglobulin G , Immunoglobulin M , Immunoglobulins , Inpatients , Nephelometry and Turbidimetry , SchizophreniaABSTRACT
Objective: To prove the clinical therapeutic effect of acute and chronic bronchial asthma with Chuankezhi(CKZ) Injection. Methods: 40 cases of bronchial asthma, including inpatients and outpatients were selected, divided into the attack period group (20) and the relief period group (20). The former was intramuscularly injected CKZ injection 4mL, twice a day, 14 days being a course of treatment. The latter was intramuscularly injected CKZ injection 4mL, twice a day for 15～30 days and 2mL, every other day for 31～90 days; 90 days being a course of treatment. The symptoms and signs, such as asthma, cough, expectroation, pulmonary wheeze were observed. and pulmonary function, absolute eosinophilic granulocyte count and immunogobulin E were measured before and after treatment. Result: By the use of CKZ injection to treat bronchial asthma, the total effective rate amounted to 85% and obvious difference before and after treatment in the two groups ( P